In this talk I will describe how valuations of a field impose strict restrictions in Galois groups and Galois cohomology. Furthermore, I will describe how these restrictions are so strict that they only arise from valuation theory! Going back again, I will mention how one can exploit this information in Galois cohomology versus the restrictions on Galois groups to find a surprising result related to the structure of maximal pro-ell Galois groups of certain fields with characteristic zero.